Problems with the traditional File environment
In general all of the organization, systems tended to grow independently without a company wide plan. Section of finance, manufacturing, human resources, and sales and marketing all developed their own systems and data files. For example, the human resources functional area might have a personal master file, a payroll file, a medical insurance file, a pension file, a mailing list file, and so forth until tens, perhaps hundreds, of files and program existed. In the company as a whole, this process led to multiple master files created, maintained, and operated by separate divisions or departments. As this process goes on for 5 or 10 years, the organization is saddled with hundreds of programs and applications that are very difficult to maintain and manage.
Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than place. Data redundancy occurs when different groups in an organization independently collect the occurs when different groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of data and store it independently of each other. Data redundancy the process which wastes storage resources and also leads to data inconsistency, where the same attribute may have different values.
Problem data dependence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data.
Every traditional computer program has to describe the location and nature of the data with which it works. In a traditional file system, any change in a software program may require a change in the data accessed by that program.
A traditional file system may deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad hock reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion.
Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than place. Data redundancy occurs when different groups in an organization independently collect the occurs when different groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of data and store it independently of each other. Data redundancy the process which wastes storage resources and also leads to data inconsistency, where the same attribute may have different values.
Problem data dependence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data.
Every traditional computer program has to describe the location and nature of the data with which it works. In a traditional file system, any change in a software program may require a change in the data accessed by that program.
A traditional file system may deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad hock reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion.
